Japan, an archipelago of thousands of islands to discover
With over 14,000 islands, Japan is much more than a string of lands scattered across the Pacific Ocean. Each of its islands is an invitation to discover: historical heritage, spectacular landscapes, contemporary art, heavenly beaches and living traditions blend together to create a fascinating mosaic. Whether you're looking for wilderness, art or adventure, the Japanese archipelago has something to captivate every travel enthusiast.
Did you know that until February 2023, Japan officially had "only" 6,850 islands? At the time of writing, this figure has risen to 14,000. In fact, Japan used to count its islands on the basis of a coastguard report drawn up in 1987. Thanks to technological advances in cartography, the Institute of Geographical Studies of Japan has now revised upwards the actual size of the Japanese archipelago. While most of these islands are of course uninhabited, several hundred live to the rhythm of their inhabitants' culture and heritage, each offering a different face of Japan to explore and admire.
From the north to the south of Japan, join us in discovering the main Japanese islands to add to your itinerary, for a guaranteed trip off the beaten track!
The wild jewels of the north: Rishiri and Rebun
Off the coast of Wakkanai, Hokkaido, these two islands offer breathtaking panoramas in every season. Rishiri is dominated by Mount Rishiri-Fuji, an ancient volcano rising to 1,721 meters. It's a demanding climb, but the breathtaking views over the Sea of Japan and surrounding meadows are well worth the effort. Less adventurous travelers can also enjoy the island's bike path, which circles the island, passing through coniferous forests, peaceful coves and fishing villages. Local specialties, such as sea urchin and kombu (seaweed), are a must on a trip to the heart of polar Japan.
Rebun, often nicknamed "Flower Island", is a paradise for nature lovers. Its meadows are filled with wild flowers, including some rare species that grow only here. Among the most famous hiking trails, the Hachijukan Trail crosses the island from north to south, offering breathtaking views of the ocean and the unique rock formations of the island's coastline. Cape Sukoton, at the northernmost point of Rebun - and almost at the northernmost point of Japan, is a place of peace and serenity, perfect for watching the waves and, on a clear day, catching a glimpse of the Russian island of Sakhalin.
Wikicommonsjoker/Wikimedia Commons CC BY-SA 3.0
The forgotten islands of Lake Towada and Matsushima Bay
In northern Japan, Nakajima Island in the heart of Lake Towada is a hidden gem in Aomori Prefecture. Accessible only by boat, it offers maple-lined hiking trails and panoramic views of the lake's sapphire-blue waters. In autumn, the spectacle of red leaves reflected in the lake is simply magical.
Further south, Matsushima Bay, one of Japan's three most famous sights, is dotted with more than 260 pine-covered islands. Some, like Oshima, offer a glimpse into Japan's spiritual past, with caves once used as refuges by meditating monks. Matsushima is a must for those whose itinerary takes them to the sublime wilderness of Tohoku.
The islands of Sanriku Fukko National Park
Sanriku Fukko National Park, which stretches along the northeast coast of Honshu, the main island of the Japanese archipelago, includes several small islands accessible from the mainland. Among them, the island of Jodogahama, near Miyako, is famous for its spectacular rock formations and white pebble beaches. The contrast between the rugged rocks and the crystal-clear water gives this place a heavenly atmosphere.
Continuing south, Kinkasan Island in Miyagi prefecture is famous for its shrine to Ebisu, god of prosperity and fishing. The wild deer that roam freely on the island add a touch of magic to this timeless place.
Sado Island: A wild escape off the coast of Niigata
Located off the coast of Niigata prefecture, Sado Island is a fascinating destination that blends history, nature and local culture. Long regarded as a place of exile for fallen political figures and anti-establishment artists, Sado has evolved into a sanctuary of tranquility and natural riches, while retaining its unique heritage.
In the late 16th century, the discovery of gold in the Sado mountains transformed its destiny. The Sado Kinzan gold mines, now a UNESCO World Heritage Site, were among the most productive in the country during the Edo period. A visit to these mines offers a fascinating insight into the island's mining history and the working conditions of the time.
Sado is a paradise for nature lovers. Rugged coastlines, lush forests and terraced rice paddies make for sublime scenery. Among the island's main attractions, here are our favorites:
- Senkaku Bay: A spectacular cove where rocks eroded by the sea form a dramatic landscape, ideal for a boat trip.
- Mount Kimpoku: The highest point on the island, this mountain offers hiking trails with breathtaking views of the ocean and surrounding mountains.
- Japanese ibis (Toki): These once endangered birds have been successfully reintroduced to the island, making Sado a symbol of ecological conservation. Learn more about these conservation efforts at the Toki Forest Park.
Kosado on Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
Sado is a lively island where traditions live on. The annual Earth Festival, organized by the famous Japanese drum group Kodo, attracts visitors from all over the world. The festival showcases not only traditional music, but also local crafts and dance.
The island is also famous for its tub-boats (or tarai-bune), small circular boats used by local fishermen, as seen in Hayao Miyazaki's classic Japanese animated film Spirited Away (2001), which you can try out on your visit.
Sado is also renowned for its exceptional quality rice, grown in ideal conditions thanks to the pure water and favorable climate. This rice is used to produce some of Niigata's finest sake, such as the famous Hokusetsu.
Fresh seafood, including oysters and crabs, is another culinary highlight. Don't miss a bowl of rice topped with local sashimi, a typical island delicacy.
Accessible from the city of Niigata by ferry (approx. 2h30) or hydrofoil (approx. 1h), Sado is an ideal destination for a few days' getaway. The island offers a range of accommodation, from traditional inns (ryokan) to modern hotels, as well as campsites for adventure-seekers.
Discover the treasures of Sado Island on our small-group tour!
Izu-Oshima, the gateway to the Izu islands
The first and largest of the Izu Islands, the archipelago closest to Tokyo, Izu-Oshima is just two hours by fast ferry from the capital. Formed by an active volcano, Mount Mihara, this island is a must-see destination for those wishing to begin their exploration of the Izu archipelago. Its proximity to the capital makes it an ideal getaway for a day or even a short stay, while offering an immersion in wild nature and unique volcanic landscapes.
Mount Mihara, the island's highest point, is one of Oshima's main attractions. Accessible via several hiking trails, it allows you to explore the remains of lava flows left by past eruptions. The summit offers spectacular ocean views, and on a clear day, Mount Fuji appears on the horizon, creating a breathtaking vista.
From January to March, Oshima is transformed into a floral paradise, with its fields of brightly-colored camellias, a symbol of the island. These flowers are celebrated at the Camellia Festival, which attracts visitors with floral displays, craft demonstrations and tastings of camellia oil, a renowned local product. You can also buy souvenirs made from this oil, prized for its moisturizing and repairing properties.
Aogashima: The mysterious volcanic island
Among the Izu islands, Aogashima stands out for its isolation and spectacular character. Located some 350 km from Tokyo, this island, uninhabited until the 17ᵉ century, is a veritable sanctuary of tranquility, accessible only by small ferry or helicopter from Hachijojima.
Aogashima Island is actually a double volcano: the caldera of one volcano shelters within its crater a second, smaller crater. Visitors can explore this impressive relief by following the paths that wind up to the center of the island, where a small village surrounded by lush greenery is located. The highest point, Oyamatenbo, offers breathtaking views of the Pacific Ocean and the sheer cliffs of the caldera.
The island is also famous for its natural hot springs, used to cook traditional dishes. Visitors can enjoy geothermally steamed vegetables or eggs, a unique culinary experience that reflects the symbiosis between the locals and their volcanic environment.
National Land Image Information (Color Aerial Photographs), created by Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, distributed by Geospatial Information Authority of Japan
The inhabited islands: Niijima and Shikinejima
Closer to Tokyio, Niijima, famous for its white sand and waves ideal for surfing, attracts water sports enthusiasts. Beaches like Habushiura and free hot springs by the sea, such as Yunohama Roten Onsen, add to its laid-back charm.
Shikinejima, smaller and more peaceful, is known for its rocky coves and natural hot springs. Visitors can explore the picturesque landscape by bike or on foot, where nature reigns supreme.
Kozushima and Mikurajima: Encounters with nature
Kozushima offers incredible hikes to the summit of Mount Tenjo, which offers panoramic views of the entire Izu Islands. The crystal-clear waters around the island are ideal for snorkeling and diving.
Mikurajima, meanwhile, is famous for dolphin-watching. Boat excursions allow you to swim with these magnificent creatures in their natural habitat, an unforgettable experience for travellers.
The Seto Inland Sea: art and adventure
The Art Islands: Naoshima, Teshima, Shodoshima and Inujima
Naoshima is the epicenter of contemporary art in Japan, home to iconic works by Yayoi Kusama and museums designed by Tadao Ando - including a new one opening in April 2025. Every corner of the island seems to be an open-air gallery, from the seaside installations to the backstreets of Honmura village, where traditional houses are transformed into exhibition spaces.
Teshima, though at first sight more modest, offers equally interesting experiences. The Teshima Art Museum, in particular, is a work of art in itself, whose minimalist architecture blends perfectly with the surrounding nature. Visitors can also discover immersive installations scattered throughout the island's villages, inviting reflection on the themes of ecology and humanity.
Shodoshima, larger and more varied, is famous for its olive groves and surprisingly Mediterranean landscapes. Hiking trails, such as in the heart of the Kankakei Gorge, one of Japan's three most beautiful gorges, wind through magnificent mountains, while tranquil beaches allow you to relax after a day of exploration.
"Yellow Pumpkin", Yayoi Kusama, Naoshima
Last but not least, Inujima captivates with its reinvented industrial ambience. The Seirensho Art Museum, built in a former copper refinery, is a fascinating experience that combines art, history and environmental sustainability.
The Shimanami Kaido: Cycling and exploring
Crossing the Seto Inland Sea between Honshu and Shikoku, this 70-kilometer bike trail is a paradise for outdoor enthusiasts. The suspension bridges linking the islands offer spectacular views of the turquoise waters and forested mountains of the islands scattered across the Seto Inland Sea.
Each island has its own identity. Omishima is home to the Oyamazumi shrine, a place of prayer for sailors and warriors for centuries. Ikuchijima is famous for the Kosanji temple and its mysterious grotto, while Hakatajima offers secluded beaches ideal for a well-deserved break.
redlegsfan21 on Flickr via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0
Discover the treasures of the Seto Inland Sea by bike
Kansai's hidden treasures: Awaji and the islands of Lake Biwa
The island of Awaji, linked to Honshu by the Akashi-Kaikyo Bridge - the second longest suspension bridge in the world - is a place steeped in legend. Considered the mythical cradle of Japan in the Kojiki (Register of ancient stories), it's ideal for a getaway between nature and culture. Awaji is renowned for its gardens and architectural treasures, such as the Awaji Yumebutaipark, and its local specialties, notably its sweet onions, among the best in the country.
In the Kansai region, Lake Biwa, Japan's largest lake, is home to several islands. Chikubu-shima is a sacred island known for its shrines dedicated to Benzaiten, goddess of music and the arts. Okishima, which is inhabited, is famous for its traditional atmosphere and alleyways where time seems to stand still.
The Oki Islands: the jewels of the Sea of Japan
Off the coast of Shimane, the Oki Islands form a mysterious and captivating archipelago, rich in history, culture and spectacular scenery. Classified as a UNESCO World Geopark, these islands offer a unique window on Japan's geological and human history. With their towering cliffs, lush green pastures and timeless atmosphere, the Oki Islands invite travelers to explore an undiscovered and profoundly authentic Japan.
The Oki archipelago is made up of four main islands: Dogo (the largest), Nishinoshima, Nakanoshima and Chiburijima. Each island offers spectacular scenery ranging from volcanic to heavenly.
- Dogo: Known for its hot springs and shrines nestled in lush forests, this island is ideal for immersing yourself in nature and local culture. Don't miss the Tamawakasu-mikoto shrine, whose annual festival features decorated boats.
- Nishinoshima: Here, the 257-metre-high Kuniga Cliffs and Matengai Cliff rise above the ocean, offering breathtaking panoramic views. The surrounding meadows, where horses and cows roam free, are reminiscent of Irish landscapes.
- Nakanoshima: An island where history and geology mingle, with unique rock formations like Candle Rock, which seems to ignite at sunset.
- Chiburijima: The smallest of the main islands, Chiburijima is a haven of peace, where traditional agriculture and pastoral landscapes coexist harmoniously with the island's sheer cliffs, as illustrated here.
Yuvalr on Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
The Oki Islands offer a multitude of activities for outdoor enthusiasts. Hiking is a must, with well-marked trails winding through varied landscapes, from secret beaches to verdant meadows. For water sports enthusiasts, sea kayaking lets you explore sea caves and secluded coves, while diving and snorkeling reveal crystal-clear waters rich in biodiversity.
Stargazing is another memorable experience: with little light pollution, the night sky of the Oki Islands is a veritable open-air natural spectacle.
The Oki Islands are also renowned for their gastronomy. Seafood, such as crab, sea urchins and freshly caught fish, take center stage in local meals. A unique specialty to try is Oki-beef, top-quality beef raised on the archipelago's pastures.
The Goto Archipelago: between spirituality and natural beauty
Off the west coast of Nagasaki, the Goto Archipelago emerges as an isolated paradise where nature, culture and history meet. Comprising over 140 islands, including five main ones (Fukue, Hisaka, Naru, Wakamatsu and Nakadori), Goto is famous for its breathtaking scenery, pristine beaches, preserved cultural traditions and, above all, its many UNESCO World Heritage churches, witnesses to a fascinating chapter in Japanese history.
The hidden churches: A unique heritage
Japan's often overlooked Christian history finds poignant expression in the hidden churches and villages of the Goto Islands. In the 17th century, when Christianity was banned in Japan, many of the faithful fled to these isolated islands to continue practicing their faith in secret. These clandestine communities have left a unique architectural legacy.
In 2018, 12 of the 25 churches on the Goto Islands were listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites, as witnesses to the resistance and perseverance of Japan's Christian communities. These include:
- Dozaki Church (Fukue Island), pictured here: Built in 1908, it was one of the first Catholic churches in the archipelago and today houses a museum on the history of Christianity in the region.
Sapphire123 on Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
- Egami Church (Naru Island): A church of simple but moving design, built of wood in 1918 by local craftsmen, it is emblematic of the faith and dedication of the hidden Christians.
- Mizunoura Church (Hisaka Island): Set against a picturesque backdrop, this stone church is a poignant symbol of the devotion of the faithful despite persecution.
In addition to its religious heritage, Goto is a natural paradise, ideal for outdoor enthusiasts. The archipelago's beaches, such as Takahama Beach on Fukue Island, are regularly ranked among the most beautiful in Japan. Their white sands and turquoise waters are reminiscent of the tropical landscapes of the Okinawa archipelago, but much closer to mainland Japan.
The green hills and steep cliffs that line the islands offer spectacular panoramas, especially from the many hiking trails. The Saikai National Park, which encompasses parts of the islands, protects these unique landscapes and their exceptional biodiversity.
Yakushima and the Amami archipelago: the jewels of the south
A UNESCO World Heritage Site, the island of Yakushima in southern Kyushu is a veritable natural paradise. Its ancient forests, populated by thousand-year-old cedars known as Yakusugi, inspire serenity and seem straight out of a fantasy tale. It was this exceptional setting that inspired Hayao Miyazaki to create the backdrops for his masterpiece Princess Mononoké (1997).
Hiking, spectacular waterfalls and bathing in natural hot springs by the sea are just some of the island's highlights.
Discover Yakushima with our excursion!
Tropical islands: Okinoerabujima to Yonaguni, a remote paradise
In the far south of Japan, the tropical islands of the Amami and Okinawa archipelagos offer enchanting landscapes, lush nature and a distinct culture steeped in local and international influences. Stretching from the island of Amami Oshima, through Okinoerabujima, known for its fascinating limestone caves, and Okinawa-Honto, the main island of the eponymous archipelago, to Yonaguni, the last Japanese land before Taiwan, these archipelagos abound with treasures to explore.
The Amami Islands are part of Kagoshima Prefecture, and comprise 8 heavenly islands. Amami Oshima, the largest of the Amami Islands, is a biodiversity sanctuary, recently declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Its subtropical forests are home to rare species such as the Amami black rabbit and endemic birds. Immaculate beaches such as Tomori and Sakibaru invite you to relax or dive.
Like the Okinawa archipelago, these islands are intimately linked to the heritage of the Ryukyu kingdom, and many still bear the vestiges of this centuries-old human presence. Nicknamed "the island of eternal flowers" for its mild climate, Okinoerabujima is famous for its incredible limestone caves.
TANAKA Juuyoh on Flickr via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0
With over 200 listed caves, including the Shoryudo Cave, its spectacular rock formations attract cavers from all over the world. Some of these caves have revealed prehistoric artifacts, bearing witness to this historic past and exceptional heritage. Accessible from Kagoshima by ferry or plane, the island is also a paradise for diving enthusiasts, offering crystal-clear waters inhabited by exceptional marine fauna.
Okinawa Honto: beaches and history
The main island of Okinawa marks the beginning of the Okinawa archipelago, and combines paradisiacal beaches and historical heritage, making this tropical Eden much more than a seaside destination where you can indulge in idleness. Shuri Castle, a UNESCO World Heritage site, is one of the many testimonies to the heritage of the ancient Ryukyu kingdoms. Nearby, the Ryukyu Mura village recreates scenes of traditional life, with period dances, crafts and costumes.
For beach lovers, the island of Okinawa is not to be outdone by the paradisiacal wild islands that make up the archipelago. The beaches of Mibaru or Sedake, on the east coast of the island, are magnificent pieces of nature with rock formations as a backdrop. On the western side of the island, the beaches of Kita Nashiro and Cap Zanpa are hidden treasures where you can watch the sun disappear behind the horizon, painting the sky with its sublime colors.
Immerse yourself in Okinawa's cultural heritage with our excursion!
The islands of Ishigaki, Iriomote and Yonaguni, southernmost Japan
Ishigaki Island, the most developed of the Yaeyama islands, is often the starting point for exploring this archipelago. Known for its white sandy beaches and crystal-clear waters, it's a paradise for lovers of idleness and water sports.
- Kabira Bay: This Ishigaki gem, famous for its turquoise waters dotted with small islets, is a living postcard. Although swimming is forbidden to preserve the rich local ecosystem, glass-bottom boat excursions allow you to observe the seabed, populated by coral and tropical fish.
- Scuba diving: Ishigaki is a hot spot for diving, particularly around the Manta Scramble, a renowned site for observing majestic manta rays in their natural habitat.
Mount Omoto: Okinawa's highest peak (526 meters), this mountain offers hiking trails leading to spectacular panoramas of the island and surrounding area.
Okinawa's second largest island after the main one, Iriomote is appreciated for its exceptional biodiversity. Over 90% of its land is covered by dense jungle and mangroves, and is home to rare species such as the Iriomote wild cat, endemic to the island.
- Urauchi River: Take a cruise or kayak along this winding river, surrounded by lush forests. A hike will then take you to the impressive Mariyudu and Kanbire waterfalls.
- Hoshizuna no Hama beach: Literally "beach with star-shaped grains of sand", this magical site is a natural treasure. These grains, actually the remains of tiny marine organisms, add a unique touch to this already enchanting place.
- Hiking and waterfalls: Adventure seekers can explore the steep paths leading to Pinaisara Falls, Okinawa's highest waterfalls, accessible after a kayak crossing and a short walk.
The last bastion of the Japanese archipelago before Taiwan, Yonaguni is an intriguing island that seems both remote and steeped in ancient history.
- The underwater ruins of Yonaguni: The island's main mystery, these fascinating underwater rock formations, pictured opposite, were discovered in the 1980s and are still the subject of debate today. Is it a natural structure or a lost civilization? Divers come from all over the world to explore this enigmatic site.
- View of Taiwan: on a clear day, you can see the coast of Taiwan, just 110 kilometers away, from the vantage point at the western end of the island.
Melkov on Wikimedia Commons, CCO
- Yonaguni horses: These small horses, endemic to the island, roam freely across the windswept plains, adding a picturesque touch to this already exceptional destination.
Despite its modest size, Yonaguni is rich in experiences, from deep-sea diving to the discovery of an unspoilt island culture.
